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Can you identify this East Asian country(it's not China)?
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Mao Tse-tung founded the People's Republic of China in 1949. He had also been one of the founders of the Chinese Communist party in 1921, and he is regarded, along with Karl Marx and V. I. Lenin, as one of the three great theorists of Marxian communism. Mao Tse-tung was born on Dec. 26, 1893, into a well-to-do peasant family in Shao-shan, Hunan province. As a child he worked in the fields and attended a local primary school, where he studied the traditional Confucian classics.
The soundness of Mao's self-reliance and rural guerrilla strategies was proved by the CCP's rapid growth during the Yen-an period--from 40,000 members in 1937 to 1,200,000 members in 1945. The shaky truce between the Communists and Nationalists was broken at the end of the war. Efforts were made--by the United States, in particular--to forge a coalition government. Civil war erupted, however, and the following 3 years (1946-49) saw the rapid defeat of the Kuomintang. Chiang's government was forced to flee to Taiwan, leaving the People's Republic of China, formed by the Communists in late 1949, in control of the entire Chinese mainland.
In 1972, Mao lent his prestige to this policy change by receiving U.S. president Richard M. Nixon in Peking. Mao died in Peking on Sept. 9, 1976. Along with the founders of the Han and Ming dynasties, Mao Tse-tung was one of only three peasants who rose to rule all of China in a single lifetime.
A Mao speech concerning the Korean War (February 7, 1953).
"We are for peace. But so long as U.S. imperialism refuses to give
up its arrogant and unreasonable demands and its scheme to extend aggression,
the only course for the Chinese people is to remain determined to go on
fighting side by side with the Korean people. Not that we are warlike. We
are willing to stop the war at once and leave the remaining questions for
later settlement. But U.S. imperialism is not willing to do so. All right
then, let the fighting go on. However many years U.S. imperialism wants
to fight, we are ready to fight right up to the moment when it is willing
to stop, right up to the moment of complete victory for the Chinese and
Korean peoples.
From Quotations
from Chairman Mao, http://art-bin.com/art/omaotoc.html
Chiang kai-shek. After completing military training with the Japanese Army, he returned to China in 1911 and took part in the revolution against the Manchus (see Ch'ing). Chiang was active (1913-16) in attempts to overthrow the government of Yüan Shih-kai. When Sun Yat-sen established (1917) the Guangzhou government, Chiang served as his military aide. In 1923 he was sent by Sun to the USSR to study military organization and to seek aid for the Guangzhou regime.
In 1936 Gen. Chang Hsüeh-liang siezed him at Xi'an, to force him to terminate the civil war against the Communists in order to establish a united front against the encroaching Japanese. Despite the resultant truce, Chiang's release, and the 1937 outbreak of the Second Sino-Japanese War, the agreement between Nationalists and Communists soon broke down. By 1940 Chiang's best troops were being used against the Communists in the northwest. After the Japanese took Nanjing and Hankou, Chiang moved his capital to Chongqing.
As the Sino-Japanese War merged with World War II, Chiang's international prestige increased. He attended the Cairo Conference (1943) with Franklin Delano Roosevelt and Winston Churchill. He and his wife, Soong Mei-ling (see Soong, family), were the international symbols of China at war, but Chiang was bitterly criticized by Allied officers, notably Joseph W. Stilwell, and argument raged over his internal policies and his conduct of the war.
After the war ended Chiang failed to achieve a settlement with the Communists, and civil war continued. In 1948 Chiang became the first president elected under a new, liberalized constitution.
By 1950 Chiang and the Nationalist government had been driven from the mainland to the island of Taiwan (Formosa) and U.S. aid had been cut off. On Taiwan, Chiang took firm command and established a virtual dictatorship. He reorganized his military forces (U.S. aid resumed with the start of the Korean war) and then instituted limited democratic political reforms. Chiang continued to promise reconquest of the Chinese mainland and at times landed Nationalist guerrillas on the China coast, often to the embarrassment of the United States. His international position was weakened considerably in 1971 when the United Nations expelled his regime and accepted the Communists as the sole legitimate government of China. He remained President until his death in 1975.
Electronic Library, http://www.encyclopedia.com/articles/02640.html
Confucius (551-479 B.C)
was born and died in the state of Lu. He lost his father at the age of three
and grew up in straightened circumstances, under his mother's care.
At thirty-two he was engaged in teaching the ancient ritual to a minister's
sons. At thirty-three he went to Lo-yang, the imperial capital, to study
the customs and traditions of the Chou Empire, which by then had actually
split into numerous warring states of various sizes, and whose capital remained
solely a religious center. On this occasion he is said to have visited Lao-tzu.
At the age of fifty-one he returned to political life, became minister of
justice and finally prime minister of Lu. Thanks to his ability, the prince
became increasingly powerful. He overcame the nobles of the region and tore
down the fortifications of their cities. The land prospered.
He wandered about for twelve years, from his fifty-sixth to his sixty-eighth
year. He went from state to state in the hope that somewhere he would be
enabled to put his political doctrine into practice.
He spent his last years quietly in Lu. He accepted no government position.
A profound change is said to have taken place within him. Once a hermit
had said of him: "Is that not the man who knows that striving is without
hope and yet goes on?" All through the years this had been Confucius'
greatness.
After the death of Confucius, his former students and disciples gathered
together and decided to assemble all the sayings of their teacher which
they could remember, as a memorial to his name and as a record of his methods
of teaching; his Doctrines of the Middle path; and his ideas of government.
They looked upon their Great teacher as an educator and a statesman, a philosopher
and a traditionalist, and as such they recorded him, to keep his memory
and his ideas alive.
The superior men are sparing in their words and profuse in their deeds.
To see what is right and not to do it, that is cowardice.
"Do to no one what you would not wish others to do to you." In acting on this rule, men are bound by shu (a sense of equality).
The Confucius Page, http://www.easternreligions.com/cframe.html
Mao tse-tung |
Confucius |
Chiang kai-shek |
Can you identify this East Asian country? 4-Name the country-Japan | ||
4-Name the country